| 1. | Understanding of fairness by economists is a controversial subject and no agreement has ever been reached . they seek the normatively standard answer through different research perspectives such as utility , market orientation , ethical philosophy , subjective minds , etc . in doing so , they have achieved two opposite conclusions , the fairness of opportunity and the fairness of consequence 经济学家对公平的理解却可谓众说纷纭、莫衷一是,他们从效用、市场导向、道德哲学、主观心理等各个角度来寻找规范的标准答案,从而得出了机会公平和结果公平两种相对立的主张。 |